Extreme heat across the south of the UK is shutting schools and disrupting travel, after overnight thunderstorms led to flash floods in parts of London.
The Met Office has issued an unusual red warning for extreme heat for a swathe of southern England and Wales from 9 a.m. on Wednesday until 9 p.m. on Thursday. Temperatures are expected to climb to a June record of at least 39C (102.2F).
Climate change means that UK summers are getting warmer, with more frequent and intense heat waves, according to researchers and data from the UK Met Office. The current blast of heat is spreading north from the continent, driven by a high-pressure heat dome and jet stream changes triggered by a developing El Nino.
While maximum temperatures over the coming days are relatively tame compared to extreme heat recorded elsewhere in Europe and the world, many homes, buildings and other infrastructure weren’t built to cope with soaring temperatures. On Monday, 43.3C was recorded at Chateaumeillant in France, according to government forecaster Météo-France.
Air conditioning adoption in Britain has doubled in the last three years, but it’s still only installed in 7% of homes, with another 8% of households relying on portable units.
“These are record breaking temperatures and they will cause health impacts,” said Alex Deakin, a meteorologist at the UK Met Office. “This country isn’t built for those kind of temperatures because we don’t see them.”
The Department for Education said it doesn’t normally advise schools to close in hot weather because attendance is the best way for pupils to learn and reach their potential.
However, several schools and nurseries across London have introduced early closures, with schools like Nonsuch High School for Girls in Sutton, Camden School for Girls and St Dunstan’s asking parents to collect their children at 1 p.m. Aerodrome Primary Academy in Croydon is among the schools canceling field trips because of the heat. Other schools have shut down for the week including Paxton Primary while North Ealing Primary School in West London is closed Wednesday and Thursday because of the red alert issued by the Met Office.
Government forecasters warned of travel disruptions and damage to infrastructure.
Sweaty commuters packed into sweltering subway lines on London’s Underground, where Bloomberg reporting showed temperatures can soar 5C hotter than the surface during a heat wave.
On Tuesday morning, the Elizabeth line was disrupted by flooding with no service to terminals 2, 3 and 4 at the capital’s main airport Heathrow, according to a status update on the Transport of London’s website.
Rail passengers have been advised to minimize their travel in the next two days to absolutely necessary train journeys within red warning zones. While rail services are expected to continue running, disruptions are expected as extreme weather can affect track and ground conditions, as well as signaling and power systems, according to the Network Rail.
Transport for London is warning passengers to check before they travel and to consider if their journey is necessary, as some rail and Tube services may be disrupted due to the very high temperatures forecast this week. London Overground and Elizabeth line services are likely to be most affected.
Logistics businesses have also started feeling the pressure, with the RAC urging drivers to take precautions as it expects a surge in breakdowns over the coming days. The Royal Mail has warned that its operations may be disrupted.
Experts are warning that the extreme heat poses health risks.
“A heat wave in June is par for the course, but temperatures nudging toward 40C were unprecedented for the UK up until 2022,” Professor Richard Allan at the University of Reading said in a statement. “This week will see a more muggy heat wave that makes it difficult to stay cool and critical for those with underlying health conditions.”
Overnight, thunderstorms struck London, with the fire brigade responding to approximately 400 calls for surface water flooding and fires caused by lightning. Thames Water’s discharge map shows sewage spills right across London.
The extreme weather coincides with the London Climate Action Week. The estimated cost of climate change without additional adaptation is about of £60–£260 billion per year in 2050, equivalent to 1-5% of GDP per year, according to the Climate Change Committee’s Fourth Independent Assessment of UK Climate Risk.
“The UK is not prepared for the impacts of climate change,” Stefán Smith, professor of energy systems and the built environment at the University of Reading, said in statement. “Building design and urban planning must adapt to hotter conditions.”